![]() Secondary simply means they are not essential for the mold to survive. Mycotoxins are a secondary metabolite produced by mold. Table 1 illustrates how quickly molds and yeasts can grow. Since both organisms are aerobic, requiring oxygen to grow, the key to preventing extended growth is focusing on eliminating and controlling oxygen during storage. Recommended maximum moisture content to decrease seepage from upright silos (adapted from Managing Forage in Tower Silos).Diversity of silage molds produces harmful mycotoxins 3 – 4 in/day alfalfa and 4 – 6 in/day corn silage in warm weather.2 in/day for alfalfa and corn silage in cold weather.When it comes to removal of forage remember to remove at least:. ![]() The gases produced during fermentation can and have caused deaths. If entering the silo is necessary for any reason after it has been filled make sure to run the blower for a minimum of 30 minutes before entering and continue its use until exit. Keep adults, children, and animals clear of the silo gas that can be found in and around the silo during the fermentation phase.This should help with maintaining the integrity of the silo base increasing its longevity (Table 1). Harvesting forage at the appropriate dry matter will prevent excess seepage from the stored feed.If a new liner is needed, a skilled contractor should be contacted for input on selection and application of the appropriate liner material. Inspect the lining of the silo to ensure that it has not been deteriorated. The acids produced by ensiling feeds can be quite corrosive and have the capacity to eat away at cement. If you observe forage filling quicker on one side or that silage is mounding, contact your silo equipment supplier for assistance. A good distributor can increase silo capacity by as much as 30%. It should fill the silo uniformly which will enhance packing of forage and increase the capacity of the silo. Ensure that the distributor is functioning properly.Make sure that the door sits properly into frame. Check concrete frames around doors for any physical damage.Take this time to tighten any that have loosened. Inspect bolts and bolt heads for corrosion.Make sure doors still seal to keep air out.Doors should all be in good condition.Again, tighten up anything that has become loose. Check latches and hinges for corrosion.Floor drains should be open and debris should be removed from silo surroundings to prevent accumulation of moisture in silo walls.For safety, check ladders and cages for proper attachment and condition.The International Silo Association is another great source of information for silo upkeep. Make sure to consult the owner’s manual for suggested maintenance and adjustments. Replace cables if necessary and take time to check bearings, drives, and other moving parts for condition. Examine the unloader for signs of wear and tear.To get the most benefit out of your upright silo, it is critical to maintain it and prepare it before each harvest. There are also serious dangers associated with upright silos that are not structurally sound, which can crumble and collapse, not to mention the hazards of unloaders and the risk of silo gases after harvest. However, when poorly maintained they can quickly become a headache. By combining the use of gravity for tight forage packing and a small area exposed to air, forage quality is preserved and waste is minimal. When properly managed and cared for, upright silos provide excellent storage for fermented feeds.
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